For example, they might tell someone they are irrational until the person starts to think it must be true. In relationships, an abusive person may use gaslighting to isolate their partner, undermine their confidence, and make them easier to control. Gaslighting can occur in any type of interaction, but it is especially common in: Intimate relationships For example, they may say that no one will believe a woman if she reports abuse. Stereotyping: An article in the American Sociological Review says that a person may intentionally use negative stereotypes about someone’s gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, nationality, or age to gaslight them.For example, they might say, “That is just nonsense you read on the internet. Diverting: With this technique, a person changes the focus of a discussion by questioning the other person’s credibility.They may do this by pretending to forget what happened, saying they did not do it, or blaming their behavior on someone else. Denial: Denial involves a person refusing to take responsibility for their actions.They may accuse them of being “too sensitive” or overreacting in response to valid and reasonable concerns. Trivializing: This occurs when a person belittles or disregards how someone else feels.For example, they might say, “Now you are just confusing me,” or “I do not know what you are talking about.” Withholding: This involves someone pretending they do not understand the conversation, or refusing to listen, to make a person doubt themselves.They may say things such as, “Are you sure about that? You have a bad memory,” or “I think you are forgetting what really happened.” Countering: This is when someone questions a person’s memory.According to the National Domestic Violence Hotline, gaslighting can happen in a variety of ways.

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